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Energy is one of the most essential resources for modern society, and it is the backbone of our everyday life. However, not all energy is the same, and there are different types of energy that can be distinguished by their characteristics and properties. Two of the most important types of energy are active and reactive energy.
Active energy, also known as real power, is the type of energy that is used to perform work or to produce useful output. It is the energy that is consumed by devices such as lights, motors, and appliances. Active energy is measured in kilowatts (kW) and is the basis for the calculation of our electricity bills.
Reactive energy, on the other hand, is the type of energy that is used by devices that have inductive or capacitive loads, such as transformers, electric motors, and fluorescent lamps. Reactive energy does not produce any useful output, but it is necessary to maintain the electromagnetic fields that are required for the operation of these devices. Reactive energy is measured in kilovolt-amperes reactive (kVAR) and is also a component of our electricity bills.
To understand the difference between active and reactive energy, imagine a glass of water that needs to be filled. The water in the glass represents active energy, and the air in the glass represents reactive energy. When we pour the water into the glass, it fills up, and we can drink it, which represents the useful output of active energy. However, the air in the glass does not contribute to the filling of the glass, and it cannot be consumed. It is necessary to maintain the pressure in the glass, but it does not produce any useful output.
The relationship between active and reactive energy is essential in the distribution of electricity. When we use devices with inductive or capacitive loads, we create a reactive power demand that can cause losses and inefficiencies in the distribution system. These losses can be reduced by using devices such as capacitors, which generate reactive power and compensate for the reactive power demand of inductive loads.
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